Physics
There are two main branches of Physics:
Classical or Newtonian Physics: "It deals with Macroscopic phenomena"
Modern or Quantum Physics: "It deals with microscopic as well as macroscopic phenomena"
BRANCHES OF PHYSICS
MECHANICS
It is mainly concerned with the motion of
particle or bodies under the action of given forces.
ELECTRICITY
It is concerned with physical phenomena
involving electric charges and their effects when at rest or in motion.
ELECTROMAGNETISM
It is concerned with the observation
and laws relating electricity to magnetism
SOLID STATE PHYSICS
It is concerned with the property
of crystalline material only in which the constituent atoms are arranged in three-dimensional
lattice.
ATOMIC PHYSICS
It deals with the structure and
properties of atoms as determined by the electrons outside the nucleus.
NUCLEAR PHYSICS
It deals with structure, properties
and reaction between the nuclei of atoms.
PLASMA PHYSICS
It is concerned with properties of
highly ionized atoms forming a mixture of bare nuclei and electrons known as
ion plasma.
BIO-PHYSICS
It deals with the application of physical
methods and types of explanation to Bio-physical systems and structures.
ASTRO PHYSICS
It is concerned with the application of modern physics to the problems of astronomy.
Islam and Science
Holy Quran has provided many incentives for the betterment of the sciences. Some Quranic verses quoted below:
- Surah NOOH (Ayah 15 - 16)
- Surah Al-Imran (Ayah 190 - 191)
Surly in making of heavens and the earth and the alternation of the night and the day, there are signs for people of understanding. Those who remember Allah standing and sitting and on their sides; And those who use thought about the making of the heavens and earth. Our Lord! Thou hast not made this in vain Glory to be Thee. So save us from the pain of fire.
- Surah Al Jasiya (Ayah12 - 13)
Allah is He Who has ordered the ocean for you that the ships may sail there, in together with His command. And you may seek of His Grace and in order that you may give thanks; And He Has ordered for your benefit whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth, all is from Him. Most Surely in this, there are signs for thinking people.
CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIM SCIENTISTS
Abu Ali Hassan Ibn-Al-Haitham (965 - 1039)
Specialization: Physician and Mathematician
Theories & Laws: Law of reflection and refraction, Difference between Luminous and Non-Luminous object, Fermat Principle
Inventions: Pin Hole Camera
Books: Kitabul-Manazir (Famous Chapter "Human Eye)
Jabir-Bin-Hayyan (750-803)
Specialization: Chemist
Theories & Laws: Law of Chemistry
Inventions: Strong Acids like `H_2SO_4` `HNO_3`,`HCL`
Abu Abdullah Al-Battani (868-929)
Specialization: Astronomer
Muhammad Bin Musa Al Khawarizmi (780-880)
Specialization: Mathematics
Theories: Analytical Algebra, Logarithms
Book: Hisabul Jubr Wal Muqabla
Omer Khayyam (1048-1131)
Inventions: Lunar Calendar
Abu Rehan Al Beruni (973-1048)
Specialization: Astronomer, Physician and Mathematician
Theories: The laws which are obeyed by Earth, some must be obeyed by other planets
Book: Kitabul Qanoon ul Masoodi, Encyclopedia of Astronomy
Abu Ali Al Hussain Ibn Abdullah Ibne Sina (980-1037)
Specialization: Scientist in Medical Field
Inventions: Catheters, Silver Syringe to give intravenous injections
Books: Al-Qanun-Fil-Tib, Al-Siffah, Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Yaqoob Bin Ishaq Al-Kindi (800 - 873)
Specialization: Mathematician, Astronomer
Theories: Music
Books: Meteorology, Specific gravity, tides
Abu Bakr Muhammad Ibn Zakariya' Al-Razi (865-925)
Specialization: Physician, Scientist in medical Field
Theories: 200 Monographs half of which pertained to medicine
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